Chapter 32 Study Guide
Chapter #32: Identifications
Andrew Mellon
The Secretary of Treasury for two different presidents and was considered one of the best money managers in the period.
Herbert Hoover
President after Harding who was considered a conservative and won the election very strongly and was stuck in the Great Depression.
Albert B. Fall
A corrupted official who managed the natural resources for the nation and was an anti-conservationist.
Robert LaFollette
A man who the Progressives put on for the election and earned them a total of 5 million votes.
Alfred E. Smith
The Democratic candidate for running President. However, he was a heavy drinker and Irish and also Irish which made many people not like him and split the Dem’s votes.
Ohio Gang
The gang of politicians that seeked for a higher office during Harding’s administration. Their leader was Harry Daugherty who was also in a high position and made money off of it.
Washington Conference
The conference in Washington during the time when the veterans decided to strike and ask out for bonuses.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
The treaty signed by many countries that stated that they wanted to outlaw war and make it impossible which was very naive.
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
The tariff rate law that increased it from 27 to 38.5% during Harding’s administration which made him seem very unpopular.
Teapot Dome Scandal
The scandal in which a dome of oil was sold by Falling, to different oil companies in a bid like fashion which the profits going to his pockets.
Dawes Plan
The plan by an economist who presented a plan to make it look like on paper that America was getting paid its debt when they stimulated the economy in Germany with American money.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
An isolationist move that increased the tariff on imports instantly to 60%. This was a very bad move for America, causing others to dislike America.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
The finance group that was designed to help pay for government funded buildings and research centers and what not FDR wanted.
Bonus Army
The Army that staged outside and wanted bonuses for the Veterans. They camped out at Washington and got into a small war with the US army.
Hoover-Stimson doctrine
The doctrine in which the US will not respect any new land gained by force.
Chapter #32 Guided Reading Questions
The Republican "Old Guard" Returns
Know: Warren Harding, Ohio Gang
1. What flaws did Warren Harding possess?
Warren Harding, the republican president after Wilson, was noted for being very popular with the people and also very friendly. However, he was also known for being very easily tricked, in other words gullible, and not that much smarter than the average citizen. He sought to have the best cabinet around him, and although he chose a few of the best people suited for their jobs such as Charles Evans Hughes, Andrew Mellon and also Herbert Hoover; he also chose people he thought he could trust but actually couldn’t such as Albert B. Fall who was a schemer and against conserving and also Harry M. Daugherty, who was easily bribed as attorney general.
GOP Reaction at the Throttle
2. What pro-business policies were taken by the government during the Harding administration.
Harding’s administration was a very traditional one, in which many of the progressive cases were halted or even reversed. Harding had to appoint 4 new judges for the Supreme Court, and he chose 3 traditional ones and also former president William Taft, who was the most liberal of the 4 new judges. With the Harding administration, America returned back to laissez-faire, which encouraged less government limitations on companies. They also reversed child labor laws and in Adkins v Children’s Hospital, they actually overturned the women’s minimum wage. They also turned back many anti-trust laws and encouraged big businesses to reign again.
The Aftermath of War
Know: Railway Labor Board, American Legion, Adjusted Compensation Act
3. What effects did the war have on the post-war economy?
The war left American high in productions and also when the war stopped, suddenly there was a less need for companies to be outputting so much and the government stopped getting in the way of businesses. The War Industries Board was gone and so was the control over railroads. The Merchant Marine Act allowed the government to sell WWI ships to merchants so that the Navy would be smaller and cheaper and easier to manage. The Railway Labor Board cut the wages by 12% and many workers were pissed and went to strike for 2 months; however, they were stopped by Daugherty. Unions lost their strength in power and also in numbers as less people enrolled seeing that they aren’t effective anymore. Veterans also began to step up and speak for their rights such as access to wages they lost by going into war and also benefits and bonuses. Both times were rejected, however congress overruled them.
America Seeks Benefits Without Burdens
Know: Unofficial Observers, Charles Evans Hughes, Five-Power Naval Treaty, Four-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, Kellogg-Briand Pact
4. How did the U.S. take the lead in disarmament in the 20's?
United States saw the chance to become a world power and take over the League of Nations and lead through the world. However, congress never passed the Treaty of Versailles, so the US wasn’t an official member of the League of Nations. However, the US still sent unofficial observers to there, but never really did anything else. Charles Evans Hughes made up the 5-5-3 ratio so that it would limit the amounts of ships each nation’s navy could have and thus tried to disarm every nation. The 4, 5 and 9 power treaty all attempted to disarm the other nations. The Kellogg-Briand Pact was a formal treaty where many countries signed that they would outlaw war, a very naive move but shows the US wanting to lead to an end of war.
Hiking the Tariff Higher
Know: Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
5. What effects were produced by high American tariffs?
Americans came back from the war and really needed to start businesses back up in the homeland. To do this, they had to encourage the buying of domestic products and thus raised the tariff with the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law which raised the tariff by about 11.5% which made imports much more expensive which ultimately hurt the European nations who needed to sell their things so that they can pay back their debts but because of this, they couldn’t sell anything in America.
The Stench of Scandal
Know: Charles R. Forbes, Albert B. Fall, Teapot Dome, Harry M. Daugherty
6. "Such was his [Harding's] weakness that he tolerated people and conditions that subjected the Republic to its worst disgrace since the days of President Grant." Explain
Harding was an honest man, but he was oblivious to corruption and didn’t want to believe that the people he chose could pull such a feat off. He simply tried to ignore the scandals that were were happening, but he couldn’t prevent nor did he want it to happen. Forbes was a worker for the Veteran’s and he skimmed money from them and later went to jail from it, although first successfully taking $300 dollars. Teapot Dome Scandal was another time where corruption happened just like how it did in Grant’s administration. Fall was selling the land of oil for bidding instead of actually monitoring it. Harry M. Daugherty also took bribes and gave away liquor licences.
“Silent Cal” Coolidge
Know: Calvin Coolidge
7. Do the nicknames, "Silent Cal" and "Cautious Cal" accurately describe the Coolidge presidency?
Coolidge was very soft spoken, and also very traditional at the time earning him the name Silent Cal and Cautious Cal. He was a shy and boring president, unlike most other politicians which is why they called him something of that nature. He was also very pro-business and went even more laissez-faire than what Harding tried to be. He believed that the factory was a temple that rich people built and the workers there worship at it.
Frustrated Farmers
Know: McNary-Haugen Bill
8. What had changed for the farmer since 1890? What had remained the same?
After the war, there had been a shortage of food in America, so farmers then could make lots of bank by selling their produce. However, after the war, supply increased and the demands were met so that most farmers began to lose their business. New inventions such as the tractor led to more produce being grown at the farms, and that also increased the supply. The Capper-Volstead Act was passed to exempt the farmers from anti-trust laws. The McNary-Haegen Bill was supposed to keep the price high by having the government buy the surplus and sell it to foreign nations but rather it failed to pass the president.
A Three-Way Race for the White House in 1924
Know: Robert La Follette
9. Why did Calvin Coolidge easily win the 1924 election?
Calvin Coolidge easily won the 1924 election because there simply was no competition against the conservatives because the Socialists and Progressives only had about 5 million votes at the end, sizable but not enough to win an election and the Democrats had a hard time defining themselves to the voters. They also lost a strong support amount after they failed to vote against going against the KKK, which is becoming more and more of a problem. The US supported a non-going outside and messing with others policy, which is something most conservatives pushed for.
Foreign-Policy Flounderings
10. What are the arguments for America canceling the WWI debt of European countries?
The Americans figured out that no matter what they do, nobody can be satisfied if everyone got their way at once. Americans wanted to have the debt paid no matter what, or at least make it look it was paid on paper. France and England both owed money to the US but they couldn’t pay it because the US tariffs were so damn high. Nevertheless, America then redirected that debt towards Germany, and Germany couldn’t even pay for it even more because of its loss of factories and inflation. Then the US came up with the Dawes plan to send money to Europe and say that they paid them back so that it would look good on paper.
Unraveling the Debt Knot
Know: Dawes Plan
11. What were the world-wide repercussions of America’s insistence on debt repayment?
The world-wide repercussions of America's insistence on debt caused hatred of France and Britain to America. They felt that America was being greedy because it was very persistent about getting its money from them, even if that was to take money from Germany. Germany couldn’t pay Britain or France already, and they just had to pay more. Ultimately the Dawes Plan was set off and America was never paid back their debt.
The Triumph of Herbert Hoover, 1928
Know: Al Smith, "Rum, Romanism, and Ruin"
12. Why was Herbert Hoover so much more popular with voters than Al Smith?
Herbert Hoover was so much more popular than Al Smith mostly because Hoover did a successful job at commerce, but also because he sounded much better on the voice radio media than Hoover did. Hoover was born in a city and he was also New Yorkian and Irish and Catholic. The normally Democratic south disliked the fact that he was Catholic so they were split on the vote. Hoover also spoke of individualism, and he lived a lifestyle of being an individual, and that appealed to many Americans.
President Hoover's First Moves
Know: Farm Board, Hawley-Smoot Tariff
13. Did Hoover’s attempts to help farmers produce positive results? Explain.
Hoover’s attempts to help the framers help produce more money ended up to help them in the end, although his other policies would ultimately worsen the conditions of all of America. The Agricultural Marketing Act was passed and it set up the Federal Farm Board to lend money to the farmers that needed it. Another thing they did was create a company that bought the surpluses of food and sold them to other nations, thus allowing the price to stay high. However, the Hawley-Smoot Tariff would ultimately hurt everyone in America and cause a depression to hit because it raised tariffs so high that it was impossible for foreign imports to be bought. Trade would slowly stop with America.
The Great Crash Ends the Golden Twenties
Know: Black Tuesday, "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?"
14. What were the immediate effects of the stock market crash?
The immediate effects of the stock market crash was that it caused many businesses to go out of business, increased unemployment, closed many banks and also created many homeless people. What caused such a crash was that the stock market shot higher and higher until suddenly the bottom of the stock market dropped some mauvais news from Britain which dropped the prices of stocks and stockholders lost about $40 billion by the end of 1929. This catastrophic caused one of the greatest depressions known to the United States.
Hooked on the Horn of Plenty
Know: Hoover Blankets, Hoovervilles
15. What causes contributed to the Great Depression?
Some of the basic causes that contributed to the Great Depression were not only crashes of the stock, but also from over-speculation and over-production. American consumers began to buy one things on credit, and that becomes debt and soon the consumers can’t keep up with the debts. Europe at the time was also suffering through a depression after the first World War. Americans were also going deeply into debt because of being out of work. They took the blame on the President Hoover at the time and called his rugged individualism ridiculous. They moved into shanty towns called Hoovervilles.
Rugged Times for Rugged Individualists
Know: Rugged Individualism, The Great Humanitarian
16. How did President Hoover’s beliefs affect the way he handled the Depression?
President Hoover was known for being very individualistic, and he was known for showing his rugged individualist nature around in his governmental actions, as in he takes a long time to perform them. Many people pointed out that he was willing to help people of other nations but not people of his own nation. They also questioned his conservatority when he decided to have no laissez-faire. His beliefs led him to think that all this was part of a natural business cycle and if he did nothing it would fix itself.
Hoover Battles the Great Depression
Know: Muscle Shoals Bill, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Pump-Priming, Yellow Dog Contracts
17. Is Hoover’s reputation as ultra-conservative well deserved? Explain.
It is not well deserved because although he was very conservative at first, especially with his waiting out and laissez-faire since the depression started, he also did many things that were new to help prepare America for the depression such as for example spending money to create the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and its prupsoe was to lend money to the finance and finance many government projects. He also helped pass the Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injuction Act, which limited the power of union, which is quite conservative.
Routing the Bonus Army in Washington
Know: Bonus Expeditionary Force, Douglas MacArthur
18. What happened to the Bonus Army? Why?
The Bonus Army, formally known as the Bonus Expeditionary Force, was a group that called for WWI veteran bonuses for saving the world for democracy. It was made up with over 20,000 people who set up camps and demanded for bonuses. President Hoover criticized the BEF for communism and whatnot and soon there was a small war where MacArthur was sent to remove the “army.”
Japanese Militarists Attack China
Know: Manchuria, Stimson Doctrine
19. How did the Japanese attack on Manchuria demonstrate the weakness of the League of Nations?
L’attacke de Japonais en Chinois est un disaster terrible! It was a stronger nation taking advantage of a weaker one, and broke the peace in which the League was supposed to protect also because of the open door policies. It showed that without the US building anything on the League of Nations, which made it lose much of its controlling strength. Attempts were made to boycott Japan but however without the US, they couldn’t change anything. When the US tried to make a move at that time, Japan just bombed Shanghai instead. Aggressive nations can take over weaker nations, other can complain but nothing can be done to stop them, that was what the weaknesses of the league was.
Hoover Pioneers the Good Neighbor Policy
20. What was President Hoover’s policy toward Latin America
Hoover had a policy called the Good Neighbor Policy in which he wanted to change how it looked like the US hurt the Latin Countries. He went on a tour first to shake hands with all the other leaders and people of other nations. Americans had less money inside Latin America due to the depression. Also due to the lack of money, American troops were pulled out of Haiti and Nicaragua. This all paved way for FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy.
Andrew Mellon
The Secretary of Treasury for two different presidents and was considered one of the best money managers in the period.
Herbert Hoover
President after Harding who was considered a conservative and won the election very strongly and was stuck in the Great Depression.
Albert B. Fall
A corrupted official who managed the natural resources for the nation and was an anti-conservationist.
Robert LaFollette
A man who the Progressives put on for the election and earned them a total of 5 million votes.
Alfred E. Smith
The Democratic candidate for running President. However, he was a heavy drinker and Irish and also Irish which made many people not like him and split the Dem’s votes.
Ohio Gang
The gang of politicians that seeked for a higher office during Harding’s administration. Their leader was Harry Daugherty who was also in a high position and made money off of it.
Washington Conference
The conference in Washington during the time when the veterans decided to strike and ask out for bonuses.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
The treaty signed by many countries that stated that they wanted to outlaw war and make it impossible which was very naive.
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
The tariff rate law that increased it from 27 to 38.5% during Harding’s administration which made him seem very unpopular.
Teapot Dome Scandal
The scandal in which a dome of oil was sold by Falling, to different oil companies in a bid like fashion which the profits going to his pockets.
Dawes Plan
The plan by an economist who presented a plan to make it look like on paper that America was getting paid its debt when they stimulated the economy in Germany with American money.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
An isolationist move that increased the tariff on imports instantly to 60%. This was a very bad move for America, causing others to dislike America.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
The finance group that was designed to help pay for government funded buildings and research centers and what not FDR wanted.
Bonus Army
The Army that staged outside and wanted bonuses for the Veterans. They camped out at Washington and got into a small war with the US army.
Hoover-Stimson doctrine
The doctrine in which the US will not respect any new land gained by force.
Chapter #32 Guided Reading Questions
The Republican "Old Guard" Returns
Know: Warren Harding, Ohio Gang
1. What flaws did Warren Harding possess?
Warren Harding, the republican president after Wilson, was noted for being very popular with the people and also very friendly. However, he was also known for being very easily tricked, in other words gullible, and not that much smarter than the average citizen. He sought to have the best cabinet around him, and although he chose a few of the best people suited for their jobs such as Charles Evans Hughes, Andrew Mellon and also Herbert Hoover; he also chose people he thought he could trust but actually couldn’t such as Albert B. Fall who was a schemer and against conserving and also Harry M. Daugherty, who was easily bribed as attorney general.
GOP Reaction at the Throttle
2. What pro-business policies were taken by the government during the Harding administration.
Harding’s administration was a very traditional one, in which many of the progressive cases were halted or even reversed. Harding had to appoint 4 new judges for the Supreme Court, and he chose 3 traditional ones and also former president William Taft, who was the most liberal of the 4 new judges. With the Harding administration, America returned back to laissez-faire, which encouraged less government limitations on companies. They also reversed child labor laws and in Adkins v Children’s Hospital, they actually overturned the women’s minimum wage. They also turned back many anti-trust laws and encouraged big businesses to reign again.
The Aftermath of War
Know: Railway Labor Board, American Legion, Adjusted Compensation Act
3. What effects did the war have on the post-war economy?
The war left American high in productions and also when the war stopped, suddenly there was a less need for companies to be outputting so much and the government stopped getting in the way of businesses. The War Industries Board was gone and so was the control over railroads. The Merchant Marine Act allowed the government to sell WWI ships to merchants so that the Navy would be smaller and cheaper and easier to manage. The Railway Labor Board cut the wages by 12% and many workers were pissed and went to strike for 2 months; however, they were stopped by Daugherty. Unions lost their strength in power and also in numbers as less people enrolled seeing that they aren’t effective anymore. Veterans also began to step up and speak for their rights such as access to wages they lost by going into war and also benefits and bonuses. Both times were rejected, however congress overruled them.
America Seeks Benefits Without Burdens
Know: Unofficial Observers, Charles Evans Hughes, Five-Power Naval Treaty, Four-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, Kellogg-Briand Pact
4. How did the U.S. take the lead in disarmament in the 20's?
United States saw the chance to become a world power and take over the League of Nations and lead through the world. However, congress never passed the Treaty of Versailles, so the US wasn’t an official member of the League of Nations. However, the US still sent unofficial observers to there, but never really did anything else. Charles Evans Hughes made up the 5-5-3 ratio so that it would limit the amounts of ships each nation’s navy could have and thus tried to disarm every nation. The 4, 5 and 9 power treaty all attempted to disarm the other nations. The Kellogg-Briand Pact was a formal treaty where many countries signed that they would outlaw war, a very naive move but shows the US wanting to lead to an end of war.
Hiking the Tariff Higher
Know: Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
5. What effects were produced by high American tariffs?
Americans came back from the war and really needed to start businesses back up in the homeland. To do this, they had to encourage the buying of domestic products and thus raised the tariff with the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law which raised the tariff by about 11.5% which made imports much more expensive which ultimately hurt the European nations who needed to sell their things so that they can pay back their debts but because of this, they couldn’t sell anything in America.
The Stench of Scandal
Know: Charles R. Forbes, Albert B. Fall, Teapot Dome, Harry M. Daugherty
6. "Such was his [Harding's] weakness that he tolerated people and conditions that subjected the Republic to its worst disgrace since the days of President Grant." Explain
Harding was an honest man, but he was oblivious to corruption and didn’t want to believe that the people he chose could pull such a feat off. He simply tried to ignore the scandals that were were happening, but he couldn’t prevent nor did he want it to happen. Forbes was a worker for the Veteran’s and he skimmed money from them and later went to jail from it, although first successfully taking $300 dollars. Teapot Dome Scandal was another time where corruption happened just like how it did in Grant’s administration. Fall was selling the land of oil for bidding instead of actually monitoring it. Harry M. Daugherty also took bribes and gave away liquor licences.
“Silent Cal” Coolidge
Know: Calvin Coolidge
7. Do the nicknames, "Silent Cal" and "Cautious Cal" accurately describe the Coolidge presidency?
Coolidge was very soft spoken, and also very traditional at the time earning him the name Silent Cal and Cautious Cal. He was a shy and boring president, unlike most other politicians which is why they called him something of that nature. He was also very pro-business and went even more laissez-faire than what Harding tried to be. He believed that the factory was a temple that rich people built and the workers there worship at it.
Frustrated Farmers
Know: McNary-Haugen Bill
8. What had changed for the farmer since 1890? What had remained the same?
After the war, there had been a shortage of food in America, so farmers then could make lots of bank by selling their produce. However, after the war, supply increased and the demands were met so that most farmers began to lose their business. New inventions such as the tractor led to more produce being grown at the farms, and that also increased the supply. The Capper-Volstead Act was passed to exempt the farmers from anti-trust laws. The McNary-Haegen Bill was supposed to keep the price high by having the government buy the surplus and sell it to foreign nations but rather it failed to pass the president.
A Three-Way Race for the White House in 1924
Know: Robert La Follette
9. Why did Calvin Coolidge easily win the 1924 election?
Calvin Coolidge easily won the 1924 election because there simply was no competition against the conservatives because the Socialists and Progressives only had about 5 million votes at the end, sizable but not enough to win an election and the Democrats had a hard time defining themselves to the voters. They also lost a strong support amount after they failed to vote against going against the KKK, which is becoming more and more of a problem. The US supported a non-going outside and messing with others policy, which is something most conservatives pushed for.
Foreign-Policy Flounderings
10. What are the arguments for America canceling the WWI debt of European countries?
The Americans figured out that no matter what they do, nobody can be satisfied if everyone got their way at once. Americans wanted to have the debt paid no matter what, or at least make it look it was paid on paper. France and England both owed money to the US but they couldn’t pay it because the US tariffs were so damn high. Nevertheless, America then redirected that debt towards Germany, and Germany couldn’t even pay for it even more because of its loss of factories and inflation. Then the US came up with the Dawes plan to send money to Europe and say that they paid them back so that it would look good on paper.
Unraveling the Debt Knot
Know: Dawes Plan
11. What were the world-wide repercussions of America’s insistence on debt repayment?
The world-wide repercussions of America's insistence on debt caused hatred of France and Britain to America. They felt that America was being greedy because it was very persistent about getting its money from them, even if that was to take money from Germany. Germany couldn’t pay Britain or France already, and they just had to pay more. Ultimately the Dawes Plan was set off and America was never paid back their debt.
The Triumph of Herbert Hoover, 1928
Know: Al Smith, "Rum, Romanism, and Ruin"
12. Why was Herbert Hoover so much more popular with voters than Al Smith?
Herbert Hoover was so much more popular than Al Smith mostly because Hoover did a successful job at commerce, but also because he sounded much better on the voice radio media than Hoover did. Hoover was born in a city and he was also New Yorkian and Irish and Catholic. The normally Democratic south disliked the fact that he was Catholic so they were split on the vote. Hoover also spoke of individualism, and he lived a lifestyle of being an individual, and that appealed to many Americans.
President Hoover's First Moves
Know: Farm Board, Hawley-Smoot Tariff
13. Did Hoover’s attempts to help farmers produce positive results? Explain.
Hoover’s attempts to help the framers help produce more money ended up to help them in the end, although his other policies would ultimately worsen the conditions of all of America. The Agricultural Marketing Act was passed and it set up the Federal Farm Board to lend money to the farmers that needed it. Another thing they did was create a company that bought the surpluses of food and sold them to other nations, thus allowing the price to stay high. However, the Hawley-Smoot Tariff would ultimately hurt everyone in America and cause a depression to hit because it raised tariffs so high that it was impossible for foreign imports to be bought. Trade would slowly stop with America.
The Great Crash Ends the Golden Twenties
Know: Black Tuesday, "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?"
14. What were the immediate effects of the stock market crash?
The immediate effects of the stock market crash was that it caused many businesses to go out of business, increased unemployment, closed many banks and also created many homeless people. What caused such a crash was that the stock market shot higher and higher until suddenly the bottom of the stock market dropped some mauvais news from Britain which dropped the prices of stocks and stockholders lost about $40 billion by the end of 1929. This catastrophic caused one of the greatest depressions known to the United States.
Hooked on the Horn of Plenty
Know: Hoover Blankets, Hoovervilles
15. What causes contributed to the Great Depression?
Some of the basic causes that contributed to the Great Depression were not only crashes of the stock, but also from over-speculation and over-production. American consumers began to buy one things on credit, and that becomes debt and soon the consumers can’t keep up with the debts. Europe at the time was also suffering through a depression after the first World War. Americans were also going deeply into debt because of being out of work. They took the blame on the President Hoover at the time and called his rugged individualism ridiculous. They moved into shanty towns called Hoovervilles.
Rugged Times for Rugged Individualists
Know: Rugged Individualism, The Great Humanitarian
16. How did President Hoover’s beliefs affect the way he handled the Depression?
President Hoover was known for being very individualistic, and he was known for showing his rugged individualist nature around in his governmental actions, as in he takes a long time to perform them. Many people pointed out that he was willing to help people of other nations but not people of his own nation. They also questioned his conservatority when he decided to have no laissez-faire. His beliefs led him to think that all this was part of a natural business cycle and if he did nothing it would fix itself.
Hoover Battles the Great Depression
Know: Muscle Shoals Bill, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Pump-Priming, Yellow Dog Contracts
17. Is Hoover’s reputation as ultra-conservative well deserved? Explain.
It is not well deserved because although he was very conservative at first, especially with his waiting out and laissez-faire since the depression started, he also did many things that were new to help prepare America for the depression such as for example spending money to create the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and its prupsoe was to lend money to the finance and finance many government projects. He also helped pass the Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injuction Act, which limited the power of union, which is quite conservative.
Routing the Bonus Army in Washington
Know: Bonus Expeditionary Force, Douglas MacArthur
18. What happened to the Bonus Army? Why?
The Bonus Army, formally known as the Bonus Expeditionary Force, was a group that called for WWI veteran bonuses for saving the world for democracy. It was made up with over 20,000 people who set up camps and demanded for bonuses. President Hoover criticized the BEF for communism and whatnot and soon there was a small war where MacArthur was sent to remove the “army.”
Japanese Militarists Attack China
Know: Manchuria, Stimson Doctrine
19. How did the Japanese attack on Manchuria demonstrate the weakness of the League of Nations?
L’attacke de Japonais en Chinois est un disaster terrible! It was a stronger nation taking advantage of a weaker one, and broke the peace in which the League was supposed to protect also because of the open door policies. It showed that without the US building anything on the League of Nations, which made it lose much of its controlling strength. Attempts were made to boycott Japan but however without the US, they couldn’t change anything. When the US tried to make a move at that time, Japan just bombed Shanghai instead. Aggressive nations can take over weaker nations, other can complain but nothing can be done to stop them, that was what the weaknesses of the league was.
Hoover Pioneers the Good Neighbor Policy
20. What was President Hoover’s policy toward Latin America
Hoover had a policy called the Good Neighbor Policy in which he wanted to change how it looked like the US hurt the Latin Countries. He went on a tour first to shake hands with all the other leaders and people of other nations. Americans had less money inside Latin America due to the depression. Also due to the lack of money, American troops were pulled out of Haiti and Nicaragua. This all paved way for FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy.